This 2015 pilot study investigated the effects of CaNa₂EDTA chelation therapy on oxidative and genotoxic damage in smelting factory workers with chronic lead exposure averaging 5.8 ± 1.2 years. Following a five-day CaNa₂EDTA regimen, significant reductions were observed in oxidative stress biomarkers, including normalized activities of antioxidant enzymes (Cu,Zn-SOD and
