A randomized controlled trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine examined the effects of testosterone therapy on fracture risk in men with hypogonadism. The study included 5,204 men aged 45 to 80 with hypogonadism and cardiovascular risk factors, who were randomized to receive either testosterone gel or placebo
This case-control study examined the association between serum testosterone levels and prostate cancer risk, highlighting potential implications for testosterone therapy. Analyzing 794 male participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, researchers found that men with higher free testosterone levels had a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer (RR 2.59,
A randomized controlled trial published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism examined the effects of testosterone therapy on sexual function in older men with low testosterone levels. The study included 470 men aged 65 and older with testosterone levels below 275 ng/dL and symptoms of sexual dysfunction, physical
This article examines the impact of menopause on women’s sexuality, highlighting challenges in assessing hormone levels due to ethnic variability and measurement limitations. It discusses differences in prevalence rates of female sexual dysfunction between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies and critiques traditional models of sexual response. The study also notes the
A meta-analysis published in The Journal of Sexual Medicine reviewed data from two Phase III trials (INTIMATE SM 1 and 2) assessing the efficacy and safety of transdermal testosterone therapy in surgically postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) undergoing estrogen therapy. Women receiving testosterone experienced significant improvements in
This study examined the effects of short-term oral micronized progesterone on the vascular benefits of transdermal estradiol in 17 premenopausal women. Participants underwent hormone suppression with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist for 10-12 days, followed by supplementation with either 200 mg oral micronized progesterone or 0.1 mg transdermal estradiol. The results
A meta-analysis published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism evaluated the effects of testosterone therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) in men by analyzing eight randomized placebo-controlled trials with 365 participants. The study found that intramuscular testosterone administration led to an 8% increase in lumbar spine BMD (95%
This cohort study analyzed data from 2,103 women using testosterone therapy (via implants, tablets, or injections) and 6,309 matched controls to assess adverse health outcomes. The findings indicate that testosterone therapy does not significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, diabetes, or deep vein thrombosis, but it is
A meta-analysis published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings reviewed randomized placebo-controlled trials to evaluate the effects of testosterone therapy on sexual dysfunction in men. The study found that testosterone therapy significantly improved sexual desire and erectile function compared to placebo, though the effect sizes were modest and varied across studies. No
This article highlights the benefits and safety of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for women, particularly those starting before the age of 60. It reviews how HRT alleviates symptoms of estrogen deficiency such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and osteoporotic fractures, with transdermal estradiol being preferred for its safety. HRT also
