Well Referenced

Category: Vitamins, Supplements & Antioxidants

Nutritional support for disease prevention and cellular health.

Can nutraceuticals affect the structure of intestinal mucosa? Qualitative and quantitative microanatomy in L-glutamine diet-supplemented weaning piglets

The 2006 study titled “Can nutraceuticals affect the structure of intestinal mucosa? Qualitative and quantitative microanatomy in L-glutamine diet-supplemented weaning piglets” investigated the effects of dietary L-glutamine supplementation on gut morphology in piglets post-weaning. Over a 28-day period, piglets receiving 0.5% L-glutamine showed increased villus height, crypt depth, and cell

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Physiological and pathological aspects of GSH metabolism

This review article examines the physiological and pathological roles of glutathione (GSH), focusing on its essential antioxidant function and its involvement in diseases related to oxidative stress, especially in neonates. It details the gamma-glutamyl cycle, the key enzymes responsible for GSH synthesis and recycling, and the severe consequences of enzyme

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Reduction of fibromyalgia symptoms through intravenous nutrient therapy: results of a pilot clinical trial

This pilot clinical study evaluated the effects of intravenous nutrient therapy (modified Myers’ Cocktail) in seven patients with therapy-resistant fibromyalgia. Over eight weeks, participants received weekly infusions and reported significant reductions in pain (60%) and fatigue (80%) (p=0.005), along with noticeable improvements in energy and daily functioning within 24–48 hours

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The Effects of Vitamin B in Depression

This systematic review examines the role of B-vitamin deficiencies—specifically B1, B3, B6, B9 (folate), and B12—in the development and severity of depression and cognitive decline. These vitamins are essential for neurotransmitter synthesis, methylation, homocysteine reduction, and neuronal membrane integrity. The review highlights that deficiencies in these vitamins are associated with

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The Role of Nutrients in Protecting Mitochondrial Function and Neurotransmitter Signaling: Implications for the Treatment of Depression, PTSD, and Suicidal Behaviors

This systematic review explores how specific nutrients—such as B vitamins (B6, B9, B12), omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, vitamin C, magnesium, zinc, and antioxidants—support mitochondrial function and neurotransmitter signaling, both of which are disrupted in mood disorders like depression, PTSD, and suicidal behavior. The review highlights that correcting nutritional deficiencies

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The administration of N-acetylcysteine reduces oxidative stress and regulates glutathione metabolism in the blood cells of workers exposed to lead

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation on oxidative stress and glutathione metabolism in 171 lead-exposed male workers. Participants were divided into four groups: a control group and three groups receiving NAC at doses of 200 mg, 400 mg, or 800 mg per day for 12

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Vitamin B status in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome

This observational study assessed the functional status of B vitamins—B6 (pyridoxine), B2 (riboflavin), and B1 (thiamine)—in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) compared to healthy controls. Using red blood cell enzyme assays, the study found significantly reduced enzyme activity levels in CFS patients (p

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Biochemistry of Mitochondrial Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis

This article explores the biochemistry of Coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis, a crucial redox-active lipid essential for mitochondrial function, electron transport, and oxidative phosphorylation. Despite its importance, the complete biosynthetic pathway remains undefined, with several enzymatic steps and molecular functions of key proteins still unclear. Recent advancements using traditional biochemistry and

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The Effect of Lowering Blood Pressure by Magnesium Supplementation in Diabetic Hypertensive Adults With Low Serum Magnesium Levels: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) supplementation on blood pressure and lipid profiles in 82 diabetic hypertensive adults with low serum magnesium levels. Participants received either 2.5 g of MgCl₂ solution daily (providing 450 mg of elemental magnesium) or a placebo for four months while

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The Biochemical Assessment of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Disorders

This systematic review evaluates established and emerging biochemical markers for diagnosing mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) disorders, highlighting the potential of fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) and oxidative stress indicators. Traditional markers such as lactate and pyruvate remain important, but newer biomarkers may improve diagnostic accuracy. Challenges include a lack of standardized

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June 26, 2025 No Comments