A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 105 obese adults (45 men, 60 women) assessed the impact of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 (LPR) supplementation over a 24-week period (12 weeks of weight loss followed by 12 weeks of maintenance). Participants consumed two capsules daily, each containing 10 mg of LPR (1.6×10^8 CFU),