NAD⁺ Deficiency Is a Common Central Pathological Factor of a Number of Diseases and Aging: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

This review article highlights the critical role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) deficiency in various diseases and aging processes. It discusses how NAD⁺ deficiency is observed in models of cerebral ischemia, myocardial ischemia, diabetes, and aging. The deficiency results from factors like poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activation, decreased nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt)