This 2018 review explores the synergistic relationship between stem cells and anti-aging genes, particularly Klotho, in combating aging. It posits that stem cells, alongside anti-aging genes, form a protective mechanism against aging-related damage. The review emphasizes that while this combination can delay aging and extend lifespan, imbalances or deficiencies may
This 2021 study published in Nature Communications investigated the role of MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, in regulating age-related physical decline and muscle homeostasis. The researchers found that MOTS-c levels significantly increased in human skeletal muscle and plasma following exercise. In mouse models, both young and aged mice treated with MOTS-c
This 2016 study introduces MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within the 12S rRNA gene, highlighting its role in regulating metabolic homeostasis. MOTS-c enhances insulin sensitivity, promotes glucose utilization, and prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. It primarily targets skeletal muscle but also influences adipose tissue, acting through
This review explores the physiological and molecular effects of caloric restriction (CR), exercise, and pharmacological mimetics on aging and metabolic health. CR has been shown to extend both mean and maximum lifespan in animal models by activating stress response pathways and enhancing mitochondrial function. Exercise primarily improves healthspan, delaying the
This 2024 review article explores the complex role of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)—leucine, isoleucine, and valine—in metabolic health and disease. BCAAs are essential amino acids involved in protein synthesis and energy production. The review highlights that while BCAAs are vital for muscle growth and are commonly used as dietary supplements,
This 2015 review explores melatonin’s multifaceted role in mitigating brain inflammaging—a chronic, low-grade inflammation contributing to aging and neurodegeneration. Melatonin functions as a direct and indirect antioxidant, modulates mitochondrial function, and suppresses proinflammatory pathways by inhibiting NADPH oxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and proinflammatory cytokines. It also enhances circadian rhythm
This 2013 review by Dennis A. Davey explores the intersection of menopause and cognitive decline, emphasizing that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is not an inevitable consequence of aging. The article highlights that pathological changes associated with AD begin in midlife, suggesting a prolonged preclinical phase detectable through biomarkers and imaging. Notably,
This 2013 perspective article revisits the pioneering work of Élie Metchnikoff, who in the early 20th century proposed that health could be enhanced and aging delayed by manipulating the intestinal microbiome with beneficial bacteria found in fermented foods like yogurt. Metchnikoff’s theories, which included concepts such as bacterial translocation and
This review article explores the immunological alterations associated with frailty in older adults. Frailty is characterized by a heightened inflammatory state, evidenced by elevated serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), and an increased number of circulating monocytes. These changes reflect a chronic, low-grade inflammation known as “inflammaging.”
This 2016 study assessed the effects of aging on immune response and melanoma-specific survival (MSS) using data from three large cohorts: SEER (n=304,476), IMCG (n=1,241), and TCGA (n=292). Results showed that older patients were more likely to present with thicker, ulcerated tumors and advanced-stage disease, leading to poorer MSS. However,
