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Tag: Parkinson’s disease

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as New Remedy for the Treatment of Neurocognitive Disorders

This 2021 review explores the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) in treating neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. MSC-Exo are nano-sized extracellular vesicles enriched with neuroprotective and immunomodulatory molecules, including microRNAs, neural growth factors, and anti-inflammatory cytokines. These exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier, attenuate

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Review of the neurological benefits of phytocannabinoids

This 2018 review by Maroon and Bost examines the therapeutic potential of phytocannabinoids, particularly cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), in various neurological disorders. The authors highlight the neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties of these compounds, which interact with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) to influence physiological processes. Clinical and preclinical studies

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Hormone Replacement Therapy and Risk for Neurodegenerative Diseases

This 2012 review by Dye et al. examines the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. The authors highlight that 17β-estradiol may reduce the risk of AD and improve cognitive function in postmenopausal

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Nrf2 and Ferroptosis: A New Research Direction for Neurodegenerative Diseases

This review highlights the emerging role of the transcription factor Nrf2 in regulating ferroptosis—a form of programmed cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation—within neurodegenerative disease contexts. Ferroptosis contributes to neuronal cell loss in disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases. Nrf2 modulates antioxidant defense systems (e.g., glutathione metabolism,

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Intervention of mitochondrial dysfunction-oxidative stress-dependent apoptosis as a possible neuroprotective mechanism of α-lipoic acid against rotenone-induced parkinsonism and L-dopa toxicity

This 2011 study evaluated α-lipoic acid (ALA) as a neuroprotective agent in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) induced by rotenone. Rotenone exposure led to decreased striatal complex I activity, reduced glutathione levels, increased nitrite concentrations, elevated caspase-3 activity, and ultrastructural neuronal damage, indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

α-lipoic acid exerts neuroprotective effects on neuronal cells by upregulating the expression of PCNA via the P53 pathway in neurodegenerative condition

This 2016 in vitro study investigated the neuroprotective effects of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on dopaminergic neurons exposed to MPP+, a neurotoxin used to model Parkinson’s disease. The researchers found that ALA treatment significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis and increased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a key protein involved

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Metals and Parkinson’s Disease: Mechanisms and Biochemical Processes

This 2018 review investigates the role of environmental metal exposure in Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis. While only 5–10% of PD cases are linked to genetic factors, the majority are idiopathic, with environmental toxins like metals (e.g., mercury, lead, manganese, copper, iron, aluminum, bismuth, thallium, zinc) implicated. The review outlines how

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Inflammatory bowel disease increases the risk of Parkinson’s disease: a Danish nationwide cohort study 1977–2014

This 2019 Danish nationwide cohort study examined the long-term risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Using national registry data from 1977 to 2014, the study followed 76,477 IBD patients and over 7.5 million controls. Results showed a significantly

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June 26, 2025 No Comments