This 2012 review by Dye et al. examines the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. The authors highlight that 17β-estradiol may reduce the risk of AD and improve cognitive function in postmenopausal