Well Referenced

Tag: Parkinson’s disease

Mitochondria as a target for neuroprotection: role of methylene blue and photobiomodulation

This review article explores the role of mitochondria in neurodegenerative diseases and evaluates the potential of Methylene Blue (MB) and Photobiomodulation (PBM) as neuroprotective therapies. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are central factors in many brain diseases. MB, which improves mitochondrial respiration, and PBM, a non-invasive therapy enhancing energy

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a key role in aging and apoptosis

This article reviews the role of antioxidants in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, focusing on how oxidative stress contributes to disease progression and exploring the potential therapeutic benefits of antioxidants. The study discusses evidence from animal models and human trials, indicating that antioxidants, such as vitamin E and Coenzyme

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors as neuroprotective agents in age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders

This article reviews the neuroprotective effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), such as selegiline and rasagiline, in the context of age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. The review highlights that MAOIs work by reducing oxidative stress, stabilizing mitochondria, enhancing neurotrophic factors like nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Activation of Nrf2 by methylene blue is associated with the neuroprotection against MPP+ induced toxicity via ameliorating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction

Methylene blue (MB) demonstrates neuroprotective potential against MPP+-induced neurotoxicity, a model for Parkinson’s disease, by reducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. The study, conducted in vitro and in animal models, highlights MB’s ability to restore mitochondrial complex I activity, increase ATP levels, and activate the Nrf2 pathway via AKT signaling,

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Alternative mitochondrial electron transfer as a novel strategy for neuroprotection

Methylene blue (MB) demonstrates neuroprotective potential by acting as an alternative electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, bypassing dysfunctions in complexes I and III. This mechanism enhances mitochondrial respiration, reduces reactive oxygen species, and prevents cellular energy failure. In animal models of Parkinson’s disease and cerebral ischemia, MB

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

From Mitochondrial Function to Neuroprotection-an Emerging Role for Methylene Blue

This review explores the potential neuroprotective role of methylene blue (MB), particularly its ability to enhance mitochondrial function in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. MB acts as an alternative electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, improving ATP production and reducing

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

L-deprenyl protects against rotenone-induced, oxidative stress-mediated dopaminergic neurodegeneration in rats

This in vivo animal study investigated the neuroprotective effects of L-deprenyl against rotenone-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in rats. Rotenone, a mitochondrial complex-I inhibitor, induces oxidative stress and neuronal damage, mimicking Parkinson’s disease pathology. L-deprenyl treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress markers, preserved dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, decreased lipid peroxidation, and

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Dysregulation of glutathione homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases

The article “Dysregulation of glutathione homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases” (Nutrients, 2012, PMID: 23201762) is a review that examines how disruptions in glutathione (GSH) balance contribute to the development and progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases, as well as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Friedreich’s ataxia. The

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June 26, 2025 No Comments