Well Referenced

Tag: Immunology

Low-dose naltrexone rescues inflammation and insulin resistance associated with hyperinsulinemia

This 2020 study, published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, investigates the effects of low-dose naltrexone (LDN) on inflammation and insulin resistance induced by hyperinsulinemia. Using in vitro models, the researchers demonstrated that LDN treatment reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production and improved insulin signaling pathways. The findings suggest that LDN may

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Nicotinamide mononucleotide attenuates airway epithelial barrier dysfunction via inhibiting SIRT3 SUMOylation in asthma

This 2024 study by Liang et al. investigates the therapeutic potential of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in mitigating airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in asthma. Utilizing both in vitro and in vivo models, the researchers demonstrated that NMN supplementation enhances NAD+ levels, leading to the inhibition of SIRT3 SUMOylation. This inhibition restores

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Review: NAD⁺: a modulator of immune functions

This review article explores the multifaceted role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) in modulating immune responses. It highlights how NAD⁺, beyond its classical role in redox reactions, serves as a substrate for enzymes like CD38, PARPs, and sirtuins, which are pivotal in regulating immune cell functions. The authors discuss how

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Chronic mTOR inhibition in mice with rapamycin alters T, B, myeloid, and innate lymphoid cells and gut flora and prolongs life of immune-deficient mice

In this 2015 study, Hurez et al. investigated the effects of chronic mTOR inhibition via rapamycin on immune cell populations, gut microbiota, and lifespan in immune-deficient mice. The researchers administered rapamycin to mice and observed significant alterations in various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, myeloid cells, and innate

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The inflammatory syndrome: the role of adipose tissue cytokines in metabolic disorders linked to obesity

This 2004 review by Gökhan S. Hotamisligil examines how adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ, secreting cytokines—termed adipokines—that contribute to chronic low-grade inflammation associated with obesity. Key adipokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and leptin are discussed for their roles in disrupting insulin signaling pathways, leading

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The Role of Dietary Nutrients in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

This 2019 review by Sugihara, Morhardt, and Kamada examines the complex interplay between dietary nutrients, gut microbiota, and host immunity in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The authors highlight that Western dietary patterns—characterized by high intake of fats, proteins, and processed foods—are

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Gut microbiota role in irritable bowel syndrome: New therapeutic strategies

This 2016 narrative review by Distrutti et al., published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology, examines the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The authors discuss how alterations in gut microbiota composition—such as reduced levels of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

High-Fat, Western-Style Diet, Systemic Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review

This 2021 narrative review, published in Cells, examines how a high-fat, Western-style diet (WD) influences gut microbiota composition, intestinal barrier integrity, and systemic inflammation. The authors highlight that WD—characterized by high intake of saturated fats, refined sugars, and low fiber—leads to gut dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability (“leaky gut”), and translocation

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Customized Nutritional Intervention Focusing on Gut Microbiome Balance

This 2022 review article, published in Nutrients, explores the role of personalized nutritional interventions in managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by targeting gut microbiota balance. The authors discuss how dysbiosis—a disruption in the gut microbial community—is implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. They highlight

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June 26, 2025 No Comments