Well Referenced

Tag: Cognitive Function

The bright and the dark sides of L-carnitine supplementation: a systematic review

This 2020 systematic review assessed the effects of prolonged L-carnitine (LC) supplementation on metabolism and related modifications. Analyzing 11 studies involving healthy human subjects who received oral LC (1–4 g/day) for 12–24 weeks, the review found that LC combined with carbohydrates effectively increased skeletal muscle carnitine content. In centenarians, supplementation

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Enhancing effects of chronic lithium on memory in the rat

This 2007 study investigated the impact of chronic lithium administration on memory in rats. Over 30 days, rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of lithium chloride (2 mmol/kg) or saline. In T-maze alternation tasks, lithium-treated rats demonstrated significantly higher accuracy at 30- and 45-second delays compared to controls, indicating enhanced spatial

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

“Brain-specific” nutrients: a memory cure?

This 2003 review critically evaluates the efficacy of several nonprescription compounds marketed as memory enhancers, including phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC), citicoline, piracetam, vinpocetine, acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), and antioxidants like vitamin E. While animal studies suggest potential cognitive benefits, human clinical trials yield inconsistent and modest results. For instance, PS shows limited

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Hormone Replacement Therapy and Risk for Neurodegenerative Diseases

This 2012 review by Dye et al. examines the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. The authors highlight that 17β-estradiol may reduce the risk of AD and improve cognitive function in postmenopausal

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Study and treatment of post Lyme disease (STOP-LD): a randomized double masked clinical trial

This 2003 single-center, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of intravenous ceftriaxone in 55 patients with post-Lyme syndrome (PLS) experiencing severe fatigue persisting for at least six months post-treatment. Participants received either 28 days of IV ceftriaxone or placebo. The primary outcome was improvement in fatigue, assessed via an

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

A Combination Cocktail Improves Spatial Attention in a Canine Model of Human Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease

This experimental study assessed the cognitive effects of a nutraceutical cocktail in aged beagles, an established model for human aging and Alzheimer’s disease. The formulation included turmeric extract (curcuminoids), green tea extract (epigallocatechin gallate), N-acetyl cysteine, R-alpha lipoic acid, and black pepper extract (piperine). Over a 3-month period, treated dogs

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Drink and Think: Impact of Alcohol on Cognitive Functions and Dementia – Evidence of Dose-Related Effects

This narrative review synthesizes evidence on how varying levels of alcohol consumption influence cognitive health. It identifies a U- or J-shaped relationship: light to moderate alcohol use is associated with preserved cognitive performance and reduced dementia risk, possibly due to cardiovascular benefits and reduced inflammation. In contrast, heavy drinking increases

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Interventions to Address the Needs of Adults With Postconcussion Syndrome: A Systematic Review

This systematic review analyzed 10 intervention studies targeting adults with post-concussion syndrome (PCS). The interventions included psychotherapy, counseling, social support, self-management strategies, individualized rehabilitation, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and group-based cognitive-behavioral therapy. The findings indicated that psychotherapy, counseling, and social support interventions were beneficial for improving cognitive and emotional functions in

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June 26, 2025 No Comments