This 2020 review explores how caloric restriction (CR) and caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs) enhance healthspan and lifespan through modulation of key nutrient-sensing pathways, including IGF-1, mTOR, and AMPK. CR has been associated with improved metabolic parameters, reduced inflammation, and extended lifespan in multiple species. CRMs—such as resveratrol, metformin, and rapamycin—aim