This review revisits the role of growth hormone (GH) in heart failure (HF), highlighting its potential therapeutic benefits due to its anabolic, vasodilatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Early studies suggested improvements in cardiovascular parameters with GH therapy; however, larger trials yielded inconsistent results. The authors discuss the concept of multiple hormonal
This 2013 review evaluates the evidence linking dietary habits to the development and progression of prostate cancer. It identifies high intake of animal fats, red meat, and dairy products as significant dietary risk factors, while plant-based diets rich in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains may reduce prostate cancer risk. The
This 2022 review explores the complex role of metformin, a widely used antidiabetic agent, in cancer therapy. Metformin activates the AMPK pathway and inhibits mitochondrial complex I, leading to reduced ATP production and downstream inhibition of mTOR and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. These actions result in decreased tumor cell proliferation and
This 2011 study investigated the impact of caloric restriction (CR) on tumor growth and metastasis using the 4T1 murine mammary tumor model. CR significantly reduced primary tumor size and the number of spontaneous and experimental lung metastases. Mechanistically, CR decreased tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis while increasing apoptosis. It also
This review evaluates the effects of growth hormone (GH) supplementation in aging men, noting that GH and IGF-1 levels decline with age, leading to changes in body composition and function. Controlled studies indicate that GH therapy modestly increases lean body mass by approximately 2 kg and reduces fat mass similarly.
This review explores the controversial role of growth hormone (GH) in aging. While GH levels naturally decline with age and GH therapy has been proposed for anti-aging, evidence suggests reduced GH/IGF-1 activity is associated with increased lifespan and decreased cancer risk in animal models. Human studies on GH therapy in
This 2018 review by Salzano et al. explores the therapeutic potential of growth hormone (GH) replacement in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), a condition often associated with acquired GH deficiency. The authors outline how GH and its mediator IGF-1 influence myocardial function, vascular tone, and metabolic regulation. Although animal
This review examines the complex role of growth hormone (GH) in mammalian aging. While GH levels decline with age, this reduction may serve as a protective mechanism against age-related diseases, including cancer. Animal studies demonstrate that absence of GH signaling can extend lifespan, suggesting a deceleration of aging processes. In
This 2013 review explores the dual role of the growth hormone (GH)–insulin–insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway in aging and cancer. In juveniles, GH promotes growth and sexual maturation; however, in adults, elevated GH/IGF-1 levels are associated with increased risks of cancer, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Studies in various organisms,
This 2020 review explores how caloric restriction (CR) and caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs) enhance healthspan and lifespan through modulation of key nutrient-sensing pathways, including IGF-1, mTOR, and AMPK. CR has been associated with improved metabolic parameters, reduced inflammation, and extended lifespan in multiple species. CRMs—such as resveratrol, metformin, and rapamycin—aim
