This review article explores the role of mitochondria in neurodegenerative diseases and evaluates the potential of Methylene Blue (MB) and Photobiomodulation (PBM) as neuroprotective therapies. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are central factors in many brain diseases. MB, which improves mitochondrial respiration, and PBM, a non-invasive therapy enhancing energy
