This review article explores emerging pharmacological and regenerative therapies for erectile dysfunction (ED), including soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activators and stimulators, Rho-kinase inhibitors, melanocortin receptor agonists, gene therapy, and stem cell therapy. These treatments offer alternative mechanisms beyond phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, potentially benefiting patients unresponsive to conventional ED
