Well Referenced

Tag: pharmacotherapy

New Drug Therapies for the Treatment of Overweight and Obese Patients

This 2013 review discusses pharmacologic options for obesity management, emphasizing the role of medications as adjuncts to lifestyle modifications. At the time, four FDA-approved drugs were available: orlistat, lorcaserin (Belviq), phentermine/topiramate (Qsymia), and naltrexone/bupropion (Contrave). Orlistat functions by inhibiting fat absorption, while the others act centrally to suppress appetite. Clinical

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Combined with Drug Therapy in Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial

This randomized clinical trial assessed the efficacy of combining extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) with pharmacotherapy in treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). Thirty-one male patients were divided into two groups: the intervention group received a combination of an alpha-blocker, anti-inflammatory agent, muscle relaxant, a short course of antibiotics, and

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Long-Term Weight Loss: The Effect of Pharmacologic Agents

This 1994 review analyzed 20 English-language studies from 1967 to March 1993, focusing on the impact of pharmacologic therapy lasting ≥6 months on weight loss and maintenance. Agents studied included phentermine, mazindol, fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine, and fluoxetine. While initial weight loss varied across studies, a plateau or weight regain was commonly

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Pharmacological Management of Obesity: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline

This 2015 guideline by the Endocrine Society provides evidence-based recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of obesity. It emphasizes that lifestyle interventions—diet, exercise, and behavioral modifications—should be the foundation of obesity management for individuals with a BMI ≥25 kg/m². Pharmacotherapy is recommended as an adjunct for patients with a BMI ≥27

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Naltrexone Sustained-Release/Bupropion Sustained-Release for the Management of Obesity: Review of the Data to Date

This 2014 systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of the naltrexone sustained-release/bupropion sustained-release (NB SR) combination, marketed as Contrave®, for obesity management. Clinical trials indicate a placebo-subtracted weight loss of approximately 4.5%, comparable to other anti-obesity medications. The combination targets central nervous system pathways to reduce appetite and food

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR MEDICAL CARE OF PATIENTS WITH OBESITY

These comprehensive guidelines, developed by AACE and ACE, provide evidence-based recommendations for the medical care of patients with obesity. The guidelines address nine broad clinical questions, resulting in 123 recommendations encompassing 160 specific statements. Key areas include screening, diagnosis, clinical evaluation, treatment options, therapy selection, and treatment goals. The guidelines

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Treating Obesity Seriously: When Recommendations for Lifestyle Change Confront Biological Adaptations

This 2015 commentary in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology argues that obesity is a biologically defended chronic disease, making long-term weight loss through lifestyle modification alone often ineffective. The authors highlight that caloric restriction triggers biological adaptations—such as increased hunger, reduced energy expenditure, and hormonal changes—that promote weight regain. Additionally,

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Indian Academy of Pediatrics Revised Guidelines on Evaluation, Prevention and Management of Childhood Obesity

The 2023 Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) guidelines update the 2004 recommendations on childhood obesity, addressing the rising prevalence and evolving understanding of its pathogenesis and management. The guidelines emphasize distinguishing primary (exogenous) from secondary (endogenous) obesity, as management strategies differ. For diagnosis, weight-for-length/height using WHO charts is recommended for

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June 26, 2025 No Comments