Changes in insulin receptor signaling underlie neoadjuvant metformin administration in breast cancer: a prospective window of opportunity neoadjuvant study

This prospective single-arm "window of opportunity" trial evaluated the biological effects of short-term metformin administration in 39 non-diabetic women with early-stage breast cancer. Patients received 500 mg of metformin three times daily for at least two weeks between diagnostic biopsy and surgery. Metformin treatment led to significant reductions in tumor