Natural Compound Resveratrol Attenuates TNF-Alpha-Induced Vascular Dysfunction in Mice and Human Endothelial Cells: The Involvement of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway

This study explored how resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, protects against TNF-α-induced vascular inflammation in human endothelial cells and mice. At physiologically relevant concentrations (as low as 1 μM), resveratrol significantly reduced monocyte adhesion, lowered expression of key inflammatory markers like MCP-1/CCL2 and ICAM-1, and inhibited NF-κB pathway activation. In mice,