Well Referenced

Tag: Venous Thromboembolism

Association of Testosterone Therapy With Risk of Venous Thromboembolism Among Men With and Without Hypogonadism

This case-crossover study analyzed data from 39,622 men aged 57.4 years on average, using the IBM MarketScan and Medicare Supplemental databases (2011–2017). It assessed the short-term risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with testosterone therapy (TT) in men with and without hypogonadism. TT was linked to a significantly increased risk

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Testosterone replacement therapy and the risk of venous thromboembolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

This 2021 systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the association between testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk by analyzing 13 randomized controlled trials encompassing 5,050 men. The pooled data indicated no significant increase in VTE risk among men receiving TRT compared to placebo (RR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.49–2.14;

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases

This 2019 nested case-control study analyzed data from the QResearch and CPRD databases to assess the association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in women aged 40–79. The study found that oral HRT, particularly combined estrogen-progestogen formulations, was associated with a significantly increased

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Formulation, Dose, and Route of Delivery

This 2021 review evaluates how different formulations, dosages, and administration routes of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) influence cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Oral unopposed estrogens positively affect lipoprotein levels, glycemia, and insulin sensitivity, but adding progestogens can attenuate these benefits. Micronized progesterone has the least negative impact among progestogens. Transdermal estrogens

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

ACMG Practice Guideline: lack of evidence for MTHFR polymorphism testing

This ACMG practice guideline concludes that routine testing for MTHFR polymorphisms in evaluating thrombophilia provides no significant clinical benefits. Despite earlier hypotheses suggesting a link between MTHFR polymorphisms and increased risk for coronary heart disease, venous thromboembolism, and pregnancy loss, recent meta-analyses have disproven these associations. As a result, MTHFR

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

The effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on estrogen-dependent risks and benefits–an attempt to interpret the Women’s Health Initiative results

A review published in Gynecological Endocrinology analyzed the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) findings on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women, focusing on the effects of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) alone versus CEE combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). The study highlighted that the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among participants

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

The safety of oral versus transdermal estrogen

This observational study evaluates the safety differences between oral and transdermal estrogen therapy for managing menopausal symptoms. Findings suggest that transdermal estrogen has a more favorable safety profile, particularly in reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared to oral estrogen, which increases VTE risk due to hepatic metabolism effects.

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Long-term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women

This Cochrane review analyzed data from 22 studies involving 43,637 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women to assess the long-term effects of hormone therapy (HT). Findings indicate that combined continuous HT increases the risk of coronary events, venous thromboembolism, stroke, breast cancer, gallbladder disease, and lung cancer mortality. Estrogen-only HT was associated

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 women without breast cancer. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer

This meta-analysis of 51 epidemiological studies involving 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 without examined the link between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and breast cancer risk. The findings showed that current HRT use increases breast cancer risk, with the risk rising with prolonged use but diminishing after cessation. The

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Custom-compounded bioidentical hormone therapy: why so popular despite potential harm? The case against routine use

This review critically examines the growing popularity of custom-compounded bioidentical hormone therapy (CBHT) and highlights significant safety concerns, including severe adverse events from compounding errors, such as deaths from contaminated products and cases of end-stage renal failure. Oral estrogens, particularly in excessive doses, are linked to an increased risk of

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments