Well Referenced

Tag: testosterone

Obesity-Related Hormones and Metabolic Risk Factors: A Randomized Trial of Diet plus Either Strength or Aerobic Training versus Diet Alone in Overweight Participants

This 2014 randomized controlled trial examined the effects of an 8-week intervention involving diet alone, diet plus strength training, or diet plus aerobic training in 81 overweight and obese adults. All participants followed a hypocaloric formula diet providing 70% of their resting metabolic rate. Exercise groups trained three times per

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Testosterone and metabolic syndrome

This review explores the complex relationship between testosterone levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in men. Low total testosterone (TT) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels are commonly observed in men with MetS, primarily due to hyperinsulinemia and increased inflammatory cytokines associated with obesity. Low SHBG levels have been identified as

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The impact of obesity on the male reproductive axis

This review article examines the multifaceted effects of obesity on male reproductive health. Obesity is associated with decreased testosterone levels, sexual dysfunction, and impaired sperm parameters. Mechanisms include reduced hypothalamic and pituitary secretory function, increased estrogen production due to aromatization in adipose tissue, and decreased sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels.

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Lowered testosterone in male obesity: mechanisms, morbidity and management

This 2014 review article explores the mechanisms by which obesity leads to reduced testosterone levels in men, the associated health risks, and potential management strategies. Obesity, particularly moderate to severe, is linked to decreased total and free testosterone levels due to factors such as insulin resistance, increased aromatase activity converting

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Effect of Hypothyroidism on Female Reproductive Hormones

This 2016 prospective clinical study evaluated the effect of untreated primary hypothyroidism on reproductive hormone levels in women and the hormonal changes after levothyroxine therapy. The study included 59 women with hypothyroidism and 39 healthy controls. Results showed that hypothyroid patients had significantly elevated TSH and prolactin levels and significantly

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Relationship between androgen deficiency and memory impairment in aging and Alzheimer’s disease

This review explores the association between androgen deficiency—specifically reductions in testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and its sulfate (DHEA-S)—and memory impairment in aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It highlights that hypoandrogenism correlates with cognitive decline, potentially due to its influence on tau protein hyperphosphorylation, a hallmark of AD pathology. While animal

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Metabolic and endocrine factors in mild cognitive impairment

This 2010 review examines the influence of metabolic and endocrine factors on mild cognitive impairment (MCI). It highlights chronic kidney disease as a newly identified independent risk factor for MCI. The review discusses the potential benefits of testosterone substitution in individuals with low testosterone levels, though routine screening is not

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Intracrinology-Revisited and Prostate Cancer

This 2020 review revisits the concept of intracrinology—the local synthesis of steroid hormones within peripheral tissues—and its significance in prostate cancer, particularly castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The study elucidates how adrenal precursors like dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-sulfate are converted into potent androgens, testosterone (T) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT), within prostate tissue.

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June 26, 2025 No Comments