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Tag: reactive oxygen species

Intake of Heated Leaf Extract of Coriandrum sativum Contributes to Resistance to Oxidative Stress via Decreases in Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Kidney

This observational animal study investigated the effects of heated coriander (Coriandrum sativum) leaf extract on heavy metal accumulation and oxidative stress resistance in mice. After eight weeks of consuming water with 0.25% heated coriander extract, mice showed significantly reduced concentrations of iron, cadmium, and arsenic in the kidneys, but not

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Pluripotent protective effects of carnosine, a naturally occurring dipeptide

This review article explores the multifaceted protective effects of carnosine, a naturally occurring dipeptide found abundantly in the brain, muscles, and lens. It highlights carnosine’s antioxidant capabilities, its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species and aldehydes, and its inhibition of protein glycation and DNA-protein cross-linking, which collectively prevent cellular damage.

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Understanding the antioxidant and carbonyl sequestering activity of carnosine: direct and indirect mechanisms

This review article explores the antioxidant and carbonyl-sequestering activities of carnosine, a naturally occurring dipeptide composed of β-alanine and L-histidine. Carnosine directly neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive carbonyl species (RCS), forms stable adducts with carbonyl compounds to prevent protein damage, chelates transition metals to inhibit oxidative reactions, and

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

α-Lipoic Acid Promotes Neurological Recovery After Ischemic Stroke by Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway to Attenuate Oxidative Damage

This 2017 in vivo and in vitro study published in Cell Physiology and Biochemistry (DOI: 10.1159/000481840, PMID: 28992629) investigated the neuroprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in models of ischemic stroke. Administered after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats, ALA significantly reduced infarct volume, brain edema, and oxidative stress while

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Pharmacokinetics of glutathione and its metabolites in normal subjects

This observational study investigated the pharmacokinetics of glutathione (GSH) and its metabolites—cysteine (Cys), cystine (Cys2), and methionine (Met)—in healthy individuals to determine optimal dosing for reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially in cases like paraquat poisoning. It found that Cys and Met effectively suppressed ROS production in a dose-dependent manner,

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Reduction of molecular oxygen by redox active thiols: comparison of glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, cysteine, and homocysteine

This in vitro study compared the redox activity of four thiol compounds—glutathione (GSH), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), cysteine (Cys), and homocysteine (HCS)—to evaluate their potential to reduce molecular oxygen and influence oxidative or reductive stress. The researchers found that GSH and Cys can reduce O₂ to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The Key Role of Mitochondrial Function in Health and Disease

This systematic review highlights the fundamental role of mitochondrial function in maintaining human health and its involvement in the development of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s, cancer, and metabolic syndrome. Mitochondrial dysfunction stems from genetic mutations, aging, infections, and sedentary behavior. The review emphasizes the

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Neuronal mitochondrial toxicity of malondialdehyde: inhibitory effects on respiratory function and enzyme activities in rat brain mitochondria

This in vitro study investigated the effects of malondialdehyde (MDA), a byproduct of lipid peroxidation, on mitochondrial function in rat brain mitochondria. MDA exposure led to a dose-dependent reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited complex I- and II-linked respiration, and suppressed the activity of key enzymes like NADH dehydrogenase, succinate

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The cytotoxic mechanism of malondialdehyde and protective effect of carnosine via protein cross-linking/mitochondrial dysfunction/reactive oxygen species/MAPK pathway in neurons

This in vitro study explored the cytotoxic effects of malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, on cortical neurons and the protective role of carnosine. MDA exposure led to decreased neuronal viability, triggering both apoptosis and necrosis, mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activation of JNK

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer

The article “Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer” explores the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in cellular processes, highlighting their dual nature in cancer development. While these species can function as secondary messengers in signaling pathways that promote oncogenesis, they can

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June 26, 2025 No Comments