This 2020 review article examines the involvement of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). The brain’s high oxygen consumption, abundant lipid content, and relatively weak antioxidant defenses make it particularly susceptible to OS. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the depletion of antioxidant
This 2019 review examines the role of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) as an adjunct in cancer therapy. At pharmacological concentrations, vitamin C exhibits pro-oxidant properties, generating reactive oxygen species that selectively induce cytotoxicity in cancer cells. It also modulates epigenetic mechanisms by influencing DNA and histone demethylation, affecting gene expression
This 2017 study evaluated methylene blue (MB) as a potential anti-aging agent for human skin. MB demonstrated potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging in cultured human skin fibroblasts from both healthy donors and progeria patients. Compared to other antioxidants like N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC), MitoQ, and MitoTEMPO, MB more effectively stimulated fibroblast
This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted nature of iron toxicity, emphasizing the role of labile iron species in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lead to oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and cellular damage. It discusses the molecular interactions of iron with dietary components, pharmaceuticals, and environmental toxins, highlighting their contribution
This review explores the dual roles of oxidants and antioxidants in immune function. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), while essential for pathogen defense and cellular signaling, can cause oxidative damage when unregulated. The body’s antioxidant systems, including enzymatic (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase) and non-enzymatic (e.g., vitamins
This 2017 review by Sivaranjani et al. explores the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). The authors discuss how an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses contributes to skin inflammation and barrier dysfunction in AD. Elevated levels of ROS can lead to
This 2013 case-control study by Sivaranjani et al. assessed oxidative stress markers in 25 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) compared to 25 healthy controls. The study found significantly elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, in AD patients. Concurrently, there was a marked reduction in both enzymatic
This comprehensive review elucidates the pivotal role of glomerular endothelial cell (GEC) dysfunction in the early stages of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). It highlights how hyperglycemia-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production leads to oxidative stress, damaging GECs and disrupting the glomerular filtration barrier. The article emphasizes the crosstalk between GECs
This review article explores the mechanisms by which cadmium (Cd) induces oxidative stress and evaluates the potential protective roles of natural antioxidants. Cd exposure disrupts cellular redox homeostasis through the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to damage in lipids, proteins, and DNA. The review highlights natural antioxidant
This 2014 review evaluates the role of antioxidants in counteracting oxidative stress caused by ultraviolet radiation (UVR), a key factor in skin carcinogenesis. It explains how UVR leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage DNA, proteins, and lipids, accelerating skin aging and promoting cancer. The body’s
