This 2011 animal study titled “Ozonated sesame oil enhances cutaneous wound healing in SKH1 mice” (Wound Repair and Regeneration, DOI: [10.1111/j.1524-475X.2010.00649.x*) examined the impact of three different peroxide levels of ozonated sesame oil on skin wound healing in hairless SKH1 mice. The findings showed that moderately ozonated sesame oil (peroxide
This 2012 systematic review and meta-analysis titled “Ozone therapy as a treatment for low back pain secondary to herniated disc” (Pain Physician, PMID: [22430658]*) evaluated eight observational studies and four randomized controlled trials to assess the efficacy of percutaneous ozone injections for chronic low back pain due to disc herniation.
This 2013 open-label pilot study titled “Ozone therapy as add-on treatment in fibromyalgia management by rectal insufflation” (Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, DOI: [10.1089/acm.2011.0739]*) evaluated the effects of ozone therapy administered via rectal insufflation over 12 weeks in fibromyalgia patients. Participants showed significant improvements in Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ)
This 2019 review and case report titled “Ozone Therapy for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Review and Case Report” (Current Pain and Headache Reports, DOI: [10.1007/s11916-019-0776-y]*) examined the use of ozone therapy for treating Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). It discussed ozone’s ability to improve oxygenation, modulate the immune system, reduce
This 2024 comprehensive review titled “Ozone therapy in musculoskeletal medicine: a comprehensive review” (European Journal of Medical Research, DOI: [10.1186/s40001-024-01976-4*) evaluated the use of ozone therapy in treating musculoskeletal conditions such as osteoarthritis, lumbar disc herniation, tendinopathies, and myofascial pain syndromes. The review described ozone’s mechanisms—enhancing oxygen metabolism, modulating oxidative
This 2005 review titled “The Dual Action of Ozone on the Skin” (British Journal of Dermatology, DOI: [10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06939.x*) discussed ozone’s paradoxical effects on the skin, showing that while chronic ozone exposure depletes skin antioxidants and triggers inflammation, controlled therapeutic ozone applications—such as full-body exposure in ozone cabins or topical ozonated
This 2015 observational study titled “The Results of Combined Ozone Therapy Using in Complex Treatment of Soft Tissues Infections in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type II” (Khirurgiia (Mosk), DOI: [10.17116/hirurgia2015263-69]*) investigated the effectiveness of adding ozone therapy to standard treatment for soft tissue infections in patients with type II diabetes.
This 2017 narrative review titled “Therapeutic Relevance of Ozone Therapy in Degenerative Diseases: Focus on Diabetes and Spinal Pain” (Journal of Cellular Physiology, DOI: [10.1002/jcp.26044]*) critically examined how controlled, low-dose ozone therapy activates key molecular pathways including HIF-1α, NFAT, Nrf2-ARE, and AP-1, leading to upregulation of antioxidant defenses, modulation of
This 2019 narrative review titled “Ultrasonography for Oxygen-Ozone Therapy in Musculoskeletal Diseases” (Medical Gas Research, DOI: [10.4103/2045-9912.254638]*) discusses how using ultrasonography significantly enhances the precision, safety, and effectiveness of oxygen-ozone therapy in musculoskeletal conditions such as tendonitis, arthritis, and spinal disorders. Oxygen-ozone therapy offers analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects,
