This article reviews the potential role of statins, metformin, and bisphosphonates in cancer prevention. The study examines the mechanisms by which these agents, commonly used for cardiovascular, metabolic, and bone health, may reduce cancer risk. Statins may inhibit tumor growth by targeting cholesterol synthesis pathways, metformin by affecting insulin and
The TRIIM (Thymus Regeneration, Immunorestoration, and Insulin Mitigation) trial examined the effects of a one-year intervention using recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and metformin on epigenetic aging and immune system function in nine healthy men aged 51–65. The study demonstrated a significant reversal in biological age by an
This 2016 review highlights metformin’s potential as a geroprotective agent beyond its established use in type 2 diabetes management. The authors discuss metformin’s mechanisms, including activation of AMPK, inhibition of mTOR signaling, reduction of oxidative stress, and modulation of inflammatory responses. These actions collectively contribute to improved metabolic health and
This study analyzed data from 365 diabetic individuals aged 55 and older, followed over four years as part of the Singapore Longitudinal Aging Study. It found that long-term metformin use, particularly beyond six years, was significantly associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment. Specifically, those using metformin for over
This randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the impact of metformin on longevity-associated pathways in 38 prediabetic individuals over two months. Participants received either metformin (1500 mg/day) or placebo. Metformin treatment led to significant improvements in metabolic parameters and insulin sensitivity. Notably, there was an increase in SIRT1 gene and protein
This study demonstrates that low-dose metformin treatment delays cellular senescence in human diploid fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells by upregulating glutathione peroxidase 7 (GPx7), an endoplasmic reticulum-localized antioxidant enzyme. Metformin enhances nuclear translocation of Nrf2, a transcription factor that binds to antioxidant response elements in the GPX7 promoter, thereby increasing
This review explores how metformin, beyond its glucose-lowering effects, influences one-carbon metabolism by inhibiting mitochondrial complex I, leading to alterations in folate and methionine cycles. These changes can impair DNA methylation, nucleotide synthesis, and redox balance, potentially affecting cellular proliferation and aging processes. The authors discuss the implications of these
This review explores metformin’s potential as an anti-aging therapy, highlighting its modulation of key aging-related pathways such as AMPK activation, mTOR inhibition, and IGF-1 signaling reduction. Preclinical studies demonstrate metformin’s ability to extend lifespan and healthspan in various organisms. Observational data suggest reduced incidence of age-related diseases in metformin users.
This multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial assessed the impact of long-term metformin use on vitamin B-12 status in 390 insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients over 4.3 years. Participants received either 850 mg metformin or placebo three times daily. Metformin use resulted in a 19% reduction in vitamin B-12 levels compared to
This 2019 study published in Cell Reports investigates the role of autophagy activation in promoting hair growth. Researchers found that compounds such as rapamycin, metformin, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), and α-ketobutyrate (α-KB) stimulate the transition of hair follicles from the telogen (resting) to the anagen (growth) phase by activating autophagy. Inhibition of
