Well Referenced

Tag: Dermatology

Antioxidant Skincare Treatment for Hyperpigmented and Photodamaged Skin: Multi-Center, Open-Label, Cross-Seasonal Case Study

This 2023 multi-center, open-label study evaluated the efficacy of an enhanced vitamin C serum (eVCS) alone and in combination with a retinol-bakuchiol serum (RBS) in treating facial hyperpigmentation and photodamage. In vitro and ex vivo analyses demonstrated that the eVCS-RBS combination significantly reduced melanin production and increased collagen synthesis by

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Treatment of Skin Aging with Topical Estrogens

This 1998 study evaluated the effects of topical estradiol (0.01%) and estriol (0.3%) creams on skin aging in 59 perimenopausal women over six months. Both treatments significantly improved skin elasticity, firmness, and moisture, with reductions in wrinkle depth and pore size ranging from 61% to 100%. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Estrogen-Deficient Skin: The Role of Topical Therapy

This 2019 review discusses the impact of estrogen deficiency on skin aging in postmenopausal women, highlighting symptoms such as dryness, atrophy, fine wrinkling, and poor wound healing. The article evaluates topical treatments, including estrogen creams and soy-derived isoflavones like genistein, which interact with estrogen receptors in the skin. Clinical studies

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Different Types of Emollient Cream Exhibit Diverse Physiological Effects on the Skin Barrier in Adults with Atopic Dermatitis

This 2022 randomized controlled trial compared the effects of three emollient creams—urea-glycerol cream (UGC), glycerol cream (GC), and paraffin cream (PC)—on skin barrier function in adults with atopic dermatitis (AD). Over four weeks, UGC significantly improved skin barrier integrity, reduced transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and increased natural moisturizing factor (NMF)

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The Multiple Uses of Azelaic Acid in Dermatology: Mechanism of Action, Preparations, and Potential Therapeutic Applications

This 2023 review explores azelaic acid (AzA), a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with multifaceted dermatological applications. AzA exhibits anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-keratinizing properties, making it effective in treating conditions like acne vulgaris, rosacea, melasma, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Its mechanisms include inhibition of tyrosinase and mitochondrial enzymes, suppression of DNA

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Topical Treatments for Melasma and Their Mechanism of Action

This systematic review analyzed 348 studies, with 80 meeting inclusion criteria, to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of topical agents used in melasma treatment. The review reaffirmed triple combination (TC) therapy—comprising hydroquinone, a retinoid, and a corticosteroid—as the gold standard due to its superior efficacy and patient tolerability. Hydroquinone

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Hydroquinone: myths and reality

This review addresses common misconceptions about hydroquinone, a topical agent used to treat hyperpigmentation disorders. It emphasizes hydroquinone’s mechanism of action as a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase, leading to decreased melanin production. The article highlights that when used in concentrations ≤5% for limited periods with regular monitoring, hydroquinone is effective

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Azelaic Acid Versus Hydroquinone for Managing Patients With Melasma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of azelaic acid compared to hydroquinone in treating melasma. Analyzing six randomized controlled trials encompassing 673 patients, the study found that azelaic acid led to a greater reduction in the Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) scores than hydroquinone (mean

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Vehicle-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy, Safety, and Patient Satisfaction of Tretinoin 0.05% Lotion for Chest Rejuvenation

This 2022 randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study assessed the efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction of tretinoin 0.05% lotion for chest rejuvenation in 29 patients aged 37–66 years with Fitzpatrick skin types II–IV. Over 180 days, both the tretinoin and vehicle groups demonstrated 30–40% improvement in photodamage, as evaluated by blinded assessors.

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Topical L-thyroxine: The Cinderella among hormones waiting to dance on the floor of dermatological therapy?

This review explores the potential of topical L-thyroxine (T4) in dermatology, highlighting its roles in skin physiology, wound healing, and hair growth. It discusses the mechanisms by which T4 influences epidermal and hair follicle functions, including modulation of keratin expression, mitochondrial activity, and stem cell behavior. The article emphasizes the

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June 26, 2025 No Comments