This 2023 review explores azelaic acid (AzA), a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with multifaceted dermatological applications. AzA exhibits anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-keratinizing properties, making it effective in treating conditions like acne vulgaris, rosacea, melasma, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Its mechanisms include inhibition of tyrosinase and mitochondrial enzymes, suppression of DNA
