Well Referenced

Tag: Chronic inflammation

The Oxygen-Ozone Adjunct Medical Treatment According to the Protocols from the Italian Scientific Society of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy: How Ozone Applications in the Blood Can Influence Clinical Therapy Success via the Modulation of Cell Biology and Immunity

This 2023 review by Chirumbolo et al. outlines the protocols established by the Italian Scientific Society of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy (SIOOT) for administering oxygen-ozone therapy (OOT) via blood-based methods such as major autohemotherapy (MAH). The authors discuss how low-dose ozone interacts with blood components to generate reactive oxygen species and lipid

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Ozone in Medicine: The Low-Dose Ozone Concept and Its Basic Biochemical Mechanisms of Action in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

This 2021 review by Viebahn-Haensler and León Fernández explores the therapeutic potential of low-dose ozone therapy in managing chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by oxidative stress and immune dysregulation. The authors describe how ozone, administered in controlled low doses, acts as a bioregulator by forming “ozone peroxides” that mimic hydrogen peroxide’s

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Insulin Resistance, Selfish Brain, and Selfish Immune System: An Evolutionarily Positively Selected Program Used in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

This 2014 review by Rainer H. Straub proposes that insulin resistance (IR) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that reallocates energy to the brain and immune system during stress or inflammation. The “selfish brain” and “selfish immune system” models suggest that both systems can independently induce IR to prioritize their energy

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Does the epithelial barrier hypothesis explain the increase in allergy, autoimmunity and other chronic conditions?

This 2021 review by Cezmi A. Akdis introduces the “epithelial barrier hypothesis,” proposing that increased exposure to epithelial barrier-damaging agents—such as pollutants, detergents, and processed foods—due to industrialization and urbanization contributes to the rise in allergic, autoimmune, and other chronic diseases. The hypothesis suggests that damage to epithelial barriers (skin,

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Body Fatness and Cancer—Viewpoint of the IARC Working Group

This 2016 report by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Working Group evaluated over 1,000 studies to assess the relationship between excess body fatness and cancer risk. The group concluded that the absence of excess body fatness reduces the risk of 13 cancers, including those of the colon,

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe

This 2023 review expands the original 2013 framework of nine hallmarks of aging to twelve, reflecting advances in aging research. The updated hallmarks are: (1) genomic instability, (2) telomere attrition, (3) epigenetic alterations, (4) loss of proteostasis, (5) disabled macroautophagy, (6) deregulated nutrient sensing, (7) mitochondrial dysfunction, (8) cellular senescence,

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty

This review explores the concept of inflammageing, the chronic low-grade inflammation that increases with age, and its significant role in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), frailty, and other age-related chronic conditions. By examining factors such as genetic predisposition, obesity, gut microbiota changes, cellular senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction, the article

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Interleukin-6 cytokine: An overview of the immune regulation, immune dysregulation, and therapeutic approach

This 2022 review article published in International Immunopharmacology (DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109130) provides a comprehensive overview of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a key cytokine involved in both immune regulation and immune dysregulation. IL-6 plays a central role in inflammation, B and T cell activity, acute-phase responses, and is pivotal in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory

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June 26, 2025 No Comments