This 2020 study by Wang et al. analyzed data from the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project to assess the association between menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use and long-term mortality outcomes. Among women with breast cancer, ever-users of MHT had a 23% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR=0.77), a 31%
This 2023 BMJ systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated 93 studies assessing the association between ionising radiation exposure and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The analysis found a dose-dependent increase in CVD risk, with an excess relative risk (ERR) per Gy of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.08–0.14). Notably, higher risks were observed at lower
This large-scale prospective cohort study analyzed data from over 210,000 U.S. adults across three cohorts: the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), NHS II, and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), spanning up to 32 years. The study assessed the inflammatory potential of participants’ diets using the empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP)
This narrative review explores the cardiovascular effects of marine omega-3 fatty acids, focusing on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Clinical evidence, particularly from the REDUCE-IT trial, demonstrates that high-dose EPA (4 g/day of icosapent ethyl) can significantly reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) by 25% in high-risk individuals.
This review examines the evolving evidence on the cardiovascular safety of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in men with hypogonadism. While earlier observational studies raised alarms over increased cardiovascular risks—including myocardial infarction and stroke—recent randomized trials, particularly the TRAVERSE study, provide reassurance that TRT does not significantly increase the risk of
This review article discusses the clinical significance of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease and calcific aortic valve disease. It highlights that Lp(a) levels are genetically determined and remain constant throughout life. The article emphasizes the importance of measuring Lp(a) levels for
This comprehensive review highlights lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] as a genetically determined, independent risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, aortic valve stenosis, ischemic stroke, heart failure, and peripheral arterial disease. Elevated Lp(a) levels (≥50 mg/dL or ≥100 nmol/L) are prevalent in approximately 20% of the population and contribute
This 2022 study investigated the effects of berberine (BBR) on atherosclerosis through modulation of the gut microbiota. BBR was found to reduce the production of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite associated with atherosclerosis, by down-regulating the choline-TMA-TMAO pathway. The mechanism involves BBR’s metabolite, dihydroberberine (dhBBR), which inhibits key enzymes in
This 2013 review highlights the escalating burden of hypertension in Africa, noting that average blood pressures are now higher in Africa than in Europe and the USA. The prevalence is increasing among poorer populations, challenging the notion that hypertension is a disease of affluence. Hypertension is identified as the leading
This review explores the potential link between lead (Pb) exposure and angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation. Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that Pb exposure may disrupt the regulation of angiogenic factors, particularly vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), leading to either excessive or insufficient angiogenesis. Such dysregulation is
