This comprehensive review highlights lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] as a genetically determined, independent risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, aortic valve stenosis, ischemic stroke, heart failure, and peripheral arterial disease. Elevated Lp(a) levels (≥50 mg/dL or ≥100 nmol/L) are prevalent in approximately 20% of the population and contribute
