Well Referenced

Tag: cardiovascular disease

Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

This 2022 review article examines the role of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)—leucine, isoleucine, and valine—in metabolic health and disease. Elevated BCAA levels are linked to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). BCAAs activate the mTORC1 pathway, influencing cell growth and glucose metabolism.

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Association of Body Mass Index With Lifetime Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Compression of Morbidity

This 2018 pooled analysis of 190,672 participants from 10 U.S. cohort studies assessed the relationship between BMI and lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Compared to individuals with normal BMI (18.5–24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9), obese (BMI 30.0–39.9), and morbidly obese (BMI ≥40.0) individuals had significantly higher lifetime risks of developing

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Updates on obesity and the obesity paradox in cardiovascular diseases

This 2023 review examines the “obesity paradox,” where overweight and obese individuals with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) often exhibit better survival rates than their leaner counterparts. The authors highlight that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) plays a pivotal role in this phenomenon, suggesting that higher CRF levels may mitigate the adverse effects

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

The obesity paradox and weight loss

This 2011 study investigated the relationship between weight changes and mortality in 3,834 men over a mean follow-up of 7 years. Findings revealed that weight loss was associated with higher all-cause mortality, while weight gain correlated with lower mortality compared to stable weight. Specifically, each pound of weight lost per

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Consequences of obesity and weight loss: a devil’s advocate position

This 2015 review challenges conventional views on obesity and weight loss by highlighting the “obesity paradox,” where obese individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) may have better survival rates than their normal-weight counterparts. The authors argue that weight loss does not universally lead to health improvements

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Testosterone and metabolic syndrome

This review explores the complex relationship between testosterone levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in men. Low total testosterone (TT) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels are commonly observed in men with MetS, primarily due to hyperinsulinemia and increased inflammatory cytokines associated with obesity. Low SHBG levels have been identified as

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Therapeutic Potential of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Chronic Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia: A Review

This 2012 review by Majambu Mbikay evaluates the potential of Moringa oleifera leaves in managing chronic hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Preclinical studies indicate that M. oleifera leaf extracts can lower blood glucose levels and improve lipid profiles in diabetic animal models. The mechanisms involve antioxidant properties, enhancement of insulin secretion, and

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Cardiovascular disease resulting from a diet and lifestyle at odds with our Paleolithic genome: how to become a 21st-century hunter-gatherer

This 2004 review by O’Keefe and Cordain explores the discordance between modern Western diets and lifestyles and the genetic makeup shaped during the Paleolithic era. The authors argue that the shift from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to one characterized by processed foods, sedentary behavior, and chronic stress has contributed to the

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments