This review article explores the role of essential micronutrients—specifically vitamins A, C, D, E, B-complex, and minerals like zinc, selenium, iron, and copper—in supporting immune function against SARS-CoV-2. The authors discuss how deficiencies in these nutrients can impair immune responses, leading to increased susceptibility to infections. Vitamin D is highlighted
This 2006 preclinical study by Krivic et al. investigated the effects of BPC 157, a stable gastric pentadecapeptide, on tendon-to-bone healing in a rat model of Achilles tendon detachment. The study involved 72 Wistar rats undergoing surgical transection of the Achilles tendon from the calcaneal bone, followed by daily intraperitoneal
This review article examines the role of nutrition and lifestyle factors in modulating immune responses to viral infections, with a particular focus on COVID-19. The authors discuss how deficiencies in essential nutrients such as vitamins A, C, D, E, and B-complex, as well as minerals like zinc, selenium, iron, and
This 2009 review by Galic, Oakhill, and Steinberg explores the multifaceted role of adipose tissue beyond energy storage, emphasizing its function as an active endocrine organ. The discovery of leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone regulating appetite and energy expenditure, marked a paradigm shift in understanding adipose tissue’s systemic influence. The review
This narrative review emphasizes the critical role of maintaining sufficient levels of zinc, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamin D, and magnesium in preventing and managing chronic diseases such as COVID-19, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases, and cancer. The author discusses how deficiencies in these nutrients can impair immune function,
This review article explores the potential roles of vitamins D, C, E, zinc, selenium, and omega-3 fatty acids in enhancing immune function, particularly in the context of COVID-19. The authors discuss how deficiencies in these nutrients can impair immune responses and increase susceptibility to infections. Vitamin D is highlighted for
This comprehensive review emphasizes the critical role of optimal nutritional status in supporting immune function and reducing susceptibility to viral infections. The authors highlight that deficiencies in essential micronutrients—including vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and folate, as well as trace elements like zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium, and copper—are
This review article explores the potential role of zinc supplementation in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights zinc’s essential functions in immune modulation, antiviral defense, and anti-inflammatory responses. The authors discuss zinc’s ability to inhibit viral replication by interfering with viral genome transcription and protein translation, as well as its
This 2018 narrative review by Rondanelli et al., published in Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, synthesizes findings from 82 studies to evaluate the roles of vitamin D, vitamin C, zinc, and Echinacea in supporting immune function across three key domains: physical barriers, innate immunity, and adaptive immunity. The authors report
This overview synthesizes findings from multiple systematic reviews assessing the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D, vitamin C, melatonin, and zinc in the context of COVID-19. The analysis indicates that while these nutraceuticals possess immunomodulatory properties, the evidence supporting their efficacy in reducing inflammation and improving clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients
