Well Referenced

Category: Exercise & Physical Performance

Exercise optimization, injury prevention, and physical rehabilitation.

Residual effects of short-term whole-body cold-water immersion on the cytokine profile, white blood cell count, and blood markers of stress

This study examined the physiological and immune responses to short-term cold-water immersion (CWI) in healthy young males. The immersion at 14°C for 10 minutes led to a stress response, with increased heart rate, muscle shivering, and elevated levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol. Cytokine analysis showed a delayed increase in

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

The effects of cold exposure on leukocytes, hormones and cytokines during acute exercise in humans

This study examined the effects of cold exposure on the inflammatory and immune responses during exercise. Nine healthy male participants completed treadmill exercises in both cold (0°C) and thermoneutral (22°C) environments, with and without pre-exercise shivering thermogenesis. The findings suggest that cold exposure during exercise reduces the systemic inflammatory response,

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Effect of intravenous L-carnitine on growth parameters and fat metabolism during parenteral nutrition in neonates

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of intravenous L-carnitine supplementation on plasma carnitine levels, fatigue, and exercise capacity in hemodialysis patients over 24 weeks. L-carnitine significantly increased plasma carnitine concentrations and was associated with a smaller decline in peak oxygen consumption (VO₂max) compared to placebo (-0.05 ± 0.19 vs.

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Effects of l-carnitine supplementation on weight loss and body composition: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 37 randomized controlled clinical trials with dose-response analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of L-carnitine supplementation on body weight and composition, analyzing 37 randomized controlled trials with 2,292 participants. The findings showed that L-carnitine led to significant reductions in body weight (-1.21 kg, P < 0.001), BMI (-0.24 kg/m², P = 0.001), and fat mass

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Intravenous L-carnitine increases plasma carnitine, reduces fatigue, and may preserve exercise capacity in hemodialysis patients

This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of intravenous L-carnitine supplementation on fatigue and exercise capacity in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis. Patients received L-carnitine at doses of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, or 40 mg/kg thrice weekly for 24 weeks. While primary analysis showed no significant improvement

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

L-carnitine ameliorated fasting-induced fatigue, hunger, and metabolic abnormalities in patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled study

This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of intravenous L-carnitine supplementation on fasting-induced fatigue, hunger, and metabolic abnormalities in patients with metabolic syndrome. Participants receiving 4 g/day of intravenous L-carnitine experienced significantly greater weight loss (-4.6 ± 0.9 kg vs. -3.2 ± 1.1 kg, P = 0.03), reductions in waist

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

L-Carnitine Tartrate Supplementation for 5 Weeks Improves Exercise Recovery in Men and Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of L-Carnitine Tartrate (LCLT) supplementation on exercise recovery in healthy men and women over a 5-week period. The study found that LCLT supplementation significantly reduced muscle soreness and markers of muscle damage compared to the placebo group, suggesting improved post-exercise recovery. LCLT

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

The effect of (L-)carnitine on weight loss in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

This meta-analysis reviewed data from nine randomized controlled trials with 911 participants to assess the effects of L-carnitine supplementation on weight loss. The findings indicate that L-carnitine supplementation led to a statistically significant weight reduction, with participants losing an average of 1.33 kg more than control groups (p=0.005). However, there

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Effects of Intravenous L-Carnitine on Myocardial Fatty Acid Imaging in Hemodialysis Patients: Responders or Non-Responders to L-Carnitine

This observational study examined the effects of intravenous L-carnitine on myocardial fatty acid metabolism in hemodialysis patients, with the goal of identifying responders and non-responders to the treatment. The study found that intravenous L-carnitine increased plasma carnitine levels, reduced fatigue, and helped maintain peak exercise capacity in patients. These results

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Beneficial effects of l-carnitine supplementation for weight management in overweight and obese adults: An updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of l-carnitine supplementation on weight management in overweight and obese adults, analyzing 37 randomized controlled trials with a total of 2,292 participants. The findings showed that l-carnitine supplementation led to a significant reduction in body weight (-1.21 kg, P < 0.001), BMI

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments