This 2022 randomized clinical trial assessed the efficacy of combining low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) with vacuum erectile device (VED) therapy in 105 diabetic men with erectile dysfunction (ED) unresponsive to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5is). Participants were divided into three groups: VED alone, Li-ESWT alone, and combined VED
