This 2020 comprehensive review provides an updated framework for managing Graves' disease, addressing both thyroidal hyperfunction and extrathyroidal manifestations such as thyroid eye disease (TED). Methimazole (MMI) is the first-line antithyroid medication, with a treatment duration of 12–18 months. Persistently elevated TSH receptor antibodies or recurrence of hyperthyroidism post-treatment warrants
