Well Referenced

Tag: Graves’ disease

Management of Graves Thyroidal and Extrathyroidal Disease: An Update

This 2020 comprehensive review provides an updated framework for managing Graves’ disease, addressing both thyroidal hyperfunction and extrathyroidal manifestations such as thyroid eye disease (TED). Methimazole (MMI) is the first-line antithyroid medication, with a treatment duration of 12–18 months. Persistently elevated TSH receptor antibodies or recurrence of hyperthyroidism post-treatment warrants

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Lugol’s Solution and Other Iodide Preparations: Perspectives and Research Directions in Graves’ Disease

This 2017 review examines the clinical utility and mechanistic insights of Lugol’s solution and other iodide preparations in the management of Graves’ disease. Historically used preoperatively to reduce thyroid hormone levels and gland vascularity, Lugol’s solution acts by inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis and release. The review discusses the transient nature

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Assessment and Treatment of Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period

This 2022 review provides updated clinical guidance on the assessment and management of thyroid disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Key considerations include the increased iodine requirement due to heightened thyroid hormone production, and the differentiation between gestational transient thyrotoxicosis and Graves’ disease in early pregnancy. The review addresses

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Elevated Levels of Circulating Biomarkers Related to Leaky Gut Syndrome and Bacterial Translocation Are Associated With Graves’ Disease

This 2021 observational study published in Frontiers in Endocrinology (PMID: 34975767) explored the connection between intestinal barrier dysfunction and Graves’ disease (GD). In 91 patients with GD compared to 44 healthy controls, researchers found significantly elevated serum levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), zonulin, and D-lactate (p

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Thyroid-Gut-Axis: How Does the Microbiota Influence Thyroid Function?

The article “Thyroid-Gut-Axis: How Does the Microbiota Influence Thyroid Function?” explores the relationship between gut microbiota and thyroid health, emphasizing how a balanced gut microbiome supports both immune function and thyroid regulation. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease frequently coexist with gastrointestinal disorders such as celiac

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June 26, 2025 No Comments