This 2013 randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in 70 patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Participants were randomized to receive either ESWT (n=34; 4000 pulses at 0.25 mJ/mm² weekly for 4 weeks) or placebo (n=36; sham treatment at 0 mJ/mm²). Outcomes were assessed at baseline,
