This review by Xu, Kitada, and Koya (2021) explores the intricate relationship between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) homeostasis and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). NAD+, a vital coenzyme in redox reactions, is crucial for mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism. In DKD, hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation disrupt NAD+ levels, impairing renal
