This 2023 review published in Frontiers in Immunology (PMID: 37153621) investigates how gut permeability and microbial translocation contribute to systemic immune activation in people living with HIV (PLWH). It highlights key biomarkers—such as intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), zonulin, REG3α, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and (1,3)-β-D-Glucan (BDG)—as tools to assess gut barrier
