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Vitamin A and D in allergy: from experimental animal models and cellular studies to human disease

This 2018 review explores the immunomodulatory roles of vitamins A and D in allergic diseases. Animal studies indicate that deficiencies in these vitamins exacerbate allergic symptoms and lung inflammation, while supplementation, particularly with vitamin D, can attenuate these effects. Active metabolites—retinoic acid (RA) from vitamin A and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3)

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Pro-apoptotic properties of (1,3)(1,4)-β-D-glucan from Avena sativa on human melanoma HTB-140 cells in vitro

This in vitro study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of (1,3)(1,4)-β-D-glucan extracted from Avena sativa (oat) on human melanoma HTB-140 cells. The compound exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity, with an LD50 of 194.6 ± 9.8 μg/mL after 24 hours. Apoptosis was confirmed by increased caspase-3/-7 activity and externalization of phosphatidylserine. A decrease in

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Calcitonin, the forgotten hormone: does it deserve to be forgotten?

This 2015 review examines calcitonin, a 32-amino acid hormone secreted by thyroid C-cells, focusing on its physiological role and clinical relevance. Calcitonin is stimulated by elevated serum calcium and gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin, contributing to the prevention of hypercalcemia. It also stimulates renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D at a site

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Relevance of biomarkers indicating gut damage and microbial translocation in people living with HIV

This 2023 review published in Frontiers in Immunology (PMID: 37153621) investigates how gut permeability and microbial translocation contribute to systemic immune activation in people living with HIV (PLWH). It highlights key biomarkers—such as intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), zonulin, REG3α, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and (1,3)-β-D-Glucan (BDG)—as tools to assess gut barrier

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June 26, 2025 No Comments