Well Referenced

Tag: VEGF

Enhanced Spinal Therapy: Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for the Spine

This 2020 narrative review examines the application of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in treating various spinal pathologies. The review highlights ESWT’s potential benefits in conditions such as degenerative osteoporotic neuro-spinal pathology, heterotopic ossification due to spinal cord injury, cervical spondylosis, scoliosis, sacroiliitis, and coccydynia. ESWT is noted to upregulate

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Angiogenesis and lead (Pb): is there a connection?

This review explores the potential link between lead (Pb) exposure and angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation. Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that Pb exposure may disrupt the regulation of angiogenic factors, particularly vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), leading to either excessive or insufficient angiogenesis. Such dysregulation is

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Therapeutic Effects of Artesunate in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Repurposing an Ancient Antimalarial Agent

This preclinical study investigated the anticancer properties of artesunate, a semisynthetic artemisinin derivative, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Artesunate significantly inhibited cell viability and induced caspase-3-mediated apoptosis in HCC cell lines (HepG2, BWTG3), with more pronounced effects under hypoxic conditions. It also suppressed angiogenic markers VEGF and placental growth factor, leading

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Melatonin influences pancreatic cancerogenesis

This 2014 review explores melatonin’s multifaceted role in modulating pancreatic cancer development. Melatonin acts as a potent antioxidant, scavenging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, thereby protecting pancreatic tissue from oxidative stress and inflammation. In pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, high doses of melatonin promote apoptosis via

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Multiple molecular targets in breast cancer therapy by betulinic acid

This 2016 review explores betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene, as a multifaceted agent against breast cancer. BA inhibits cell proliferation by downregulating cyclins and topoisomerases, leading to cell cycle arrest. It induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway and exhibits anti-angiogenic effects by suppressing NF-κB, Sp transcription factors, and VEGF

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Calcium oxalate crystals trigger epithelial-mesenchymal transition and carcinogenic features in renal cells: a crossroad between kidney stone disease and renal cancer

This 2022 study explored the effects of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals on non-cancerous renal cells. COM exposure induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized by morphological changes to a spindle shape, decreased epithelial markers (E-cadherin, ZO-1), and increased mesenchymal markers (fibronectin, vimentin). Additionally, COM downregulated tumor suppressor genes (ARID1A, PTEN, VHL)

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Cellular Signaling Pathways Modulated by Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy

This 2019 review elucidates the molecular mechanisms by which low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) exerts therapeutic effects, particularly in erectile dysfunction (ED). Li-ESWT promotes neovascularization, tissue regeneration, and anti-inflammatory responses through mechanotransduction, leading to activation of key signaling pathways such as FAK, ERK1/2, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and PERK/ATF4. These pathways

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Responses of Melanoma Cells to Photobiomodulation Depend on Cell Pigmentation and Light Parameters

This 2022 preclinical study investigated the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on melanoma cells with varying pigmentation levels. The researchers found that near-infrared (NIR) irradiation at 30 J/cm² increased invasiveness in pigmented melanoma cells, whereas all light doses inhibited cell migration. Conversely, a high dose (150 J/cm²) of red laser light

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Ozonated oils as functional dermatological matrices: effects on the wound healing process using SKH1 mice

This 2013 animal study titled “Ozonated oils as functional dermatological matrices: effects on the wound healing process using SKH1 mice” (International Journal of Pharmaceutics, DOI: [10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.09.039*) evaluated the wound healing effects of ozonated olive, sesame, and linseed oils with identical ozonation levels on SKH1 mice. Ozonated sesame oil significantly accelerated

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Therapeutic effects of topical application of ozone on acute cutaneous wound healing

This 2009 animal study titled “Therapeutic Effects of Topical Application of Ozone on Acute Cutaneous Wound Healing” (Journal of Korean Medical Science, DOI: [10.3346/jkms.2009.24.3.368*) evaluated the effects of ozonated olive oil on wound healing in guinea pigs. The ozone-treated group showed significantly smaller wound sizes, increased collagen deposition, greater fibroblast

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June 26, 2025 No Comments