This review explores the multifaceted role of thyroid hormones in regulating growth and development. It highlights that thyroid hormones influence growth through mechanisms such as feedback regulation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyrotropin (TSH), modulation of thyroid hormone receptors, and the activity of deiodinase enzymes that control local hormone availability.
This prospective study investigated the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and weight changes in 51 obese children undergoing a 1-year lifestyle intervention. The study found that higher baseline thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were associated with greater weight loss during the intervention, while higher free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels correlated with weight
This 3-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of exenatide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, in 26 adolescents aged 12–19 years with severe obesity (BMI ≥1.2 times the 95th percentile or ≥35 kg/m²). Participants received lifestyle counseling and were randomized to exenatide (twice daily) or placebo. Exenatide
This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of continuous subcutaneous infusion of GH-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 (GHRH1-29-NH2) in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). The treatment successfully restored physiological growth hormone (GH) secretion patterns, leading to increased insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and improved growth velocity. These results suggest that GHRH1-29-NH2
This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of GHRH1-29NH2 and GHRP-2, both individually and in combination, on growth hormone (GH) release in children with growth hormone insufficiency and idiopathic short stature. The results indicated that while both peptides effectively stimulated GH secretion, the combination of GHRH1-29NH2 and GHRP-2 had a
This observational study investigated the effects of hexarelin, a growth hormone (GH) releasing peptide, on GH secretion in patients with homozygous beta-thalassemia, a genetic disorder often associated with growth retardation due to impaired GH secretion. The results showed that hexarelin effectively stimulated GH release, producing GH peaks comparable to those
This study compared the effectiveness of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH(1-29)-NH₂) with standard growth hormone (GH) therapy in promoting growth in children with hypothalamic growth hormone deficiency (GHD). High-dose GHRH(1-29)-NH₂ significantly increased height velocity, comparable to GH treatment, but had no effect on bone age development. GHRH(1-29)-NH₂ did not induce GH
This study explored the efficacy of intranasal growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH(1-29)-NH₂) in stimulating growth hormone secretion and improving growth in children with growth hormone deficiency. The results showed that intranasal GHRH(1-29)-NH₂ significantly increased GH secretion and improved linear growth, suggesting it could be a viable, non-invasive alternative to traditional GH
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of daily subcutaneous administration of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH(1-29)) in 110 children with growth hormone deficiency. Over a 12-month period, the treatment significantly increased height velocity, with an average increase to 8.0 cm/year at 6 months and 7.2 cm/year at 12 months. At
This 1993 randomized controlled trial titled “A Comparative Study of Growth Hormone (GH) and GH-Releasing Hormone(1-29)-NH₂ for Stimulation of Growth in Children with GH Deficiency” (Acta Paediatrica Supplement, DOI: [10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12834.x]*) evaluated 60 children with hypothalamic GH deficiency, comparing growth outcomes with either GH therapy or low- and high-dose GHRH(1-29)-NH₂ over
