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Tag: oral estrogen

Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases

This 2019 nested case-control study analyzed data from the QResearch and CPRD databases to assess the association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in women aged 40–79. The study found that oral HRT, particularly combined estrogen-progestogen formulations, was associated with a significantly increased

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Formulation, Dose, and Route of Delivery

This 2021 review evaluates how different formulations, dosages, and administration routes of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) influence cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Oral unopposed estrogens positively affect lipoprotein levels, glycemia, and insulin sensitivity, but adding progestogens can attenuate these benefits. Micronized progesterone has the least negative impact among progestogens. Transdermal estrogens

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The safety of oral versus transdermal estrogen

This observational study evaluates the safety differences between oral and transdermal estrogen therapy for managing menopausal symptoms. Findings suggest that transdermal estrogen has a more favorable safety profile, particularly in reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared to oral estrogen, which increases VTE risk due to hepatic metabolism effects.

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June 26, 2025 No Comments