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Tag: N-acetylcysteine

Toxic Metals and Antioxidants: Part II. The Role of Antioxidants in Arsenic and Cadmium Toxicity

This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms by which arsenic and cadmium exert toxic effects, primarily through oxidative stress and interference with essential metal ions. The article highlights the role of antioxidants and thiol-containing compounds in mitigating these toxicities. Key antioxidants discussed include S-adenosylmethionine, lipoic acid, glutathione, selenium, zinc, N-acetylcysteine (NAC),

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in neurological disorders: mechanisms of action and therapeutic opportunities

This 2014 review outlines the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in treating various neurological disorders. As a precursor to glutathione, NAC plays a critical role in reducing oxidative stress and modulating inflammation. It influences glutamatergic neurotransmission, restores redox balance, and promotes neuronal survival. The review highlights preclinical and

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The glutathione system: a new drug target in neuroimmune disorders

This 2014 review discusses the glutathione (GSH) system as a critical regulator of redox homeostasis, immune function, and mitochondrial integrity in neuroimmune disorders. GSH depletion is associated with increased oxidative and nitrosative stress, which can impair neural and immune functions, contributing to diseases such as depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, and

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Impact of Antioxidants on the Ability of Phenolic Phytochemicals to Kill HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells

This study investigated how antioxidants affect the cytotoxicity of phenolic phytochemicals, specifically epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and curcumin, on HCT116 colon cancer cells. Both compounds induced DNA damage and apoptosis in these cells. However, the presence of antioxidants like ascorbate and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited EGCG-induced DNA damage and apoptosis, but did

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) supplementation in older adults improves glutathione deficiency, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, genotoxicity, muscle strength, and cognition: Results of a pilot clinical trial

This pilot clinical trial investigated the effects of GlyNAC supplementation (a combination of glycine and N-acetylcysteine) in older adults over a 24-week period. The study found that GlyNAC supplementation corrected intracellular glutathione deficiency, reduced oxidative stress, improved mitochondrial function, decreased inflammation, enhanced insulin sensitivity, ameliorated endothelial dysfunction, reduced genomic damage,

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Effects of N-acetylcysteine, oral glutathione (GSH) and a novel sublingual form of GSH on oxidative stress markers: A comparative crossover study

This randomized crossover study investigated the effects of sublingual glutathione (GSH), oral GSH, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on oxidative stress in 20 individuals with metabolic syndrome. Results showed that sublingual GSH significantly increased plasma total and reduced GSH levels and improved the GSH/GSSG ratio (p=0.003), outperforming both oral GSH and NAC.

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Glutathione redox imbalance in brain disorders

The article titled “Glutathione redox imbalance in brain disorders” reviews the critical role of glutathione (GSH), a major antioxidant, in the pathophysiology of various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, including autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. It highlights evidence from both animal and human studies showing decreased levels

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Impact of Glutathione and Vitamin B-6 in Cirrhosis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Follow-Up Study

This review article explores the glutathione (GSH) system as a promising therapeutic target in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, highlighting its vital role in maintaining redox balance, reducing oxidative stress, and modulating neuroinflammation. Disruptions in GSH metabolism are linked to conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and major

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Reduction of molecular oxygen by redox active thiols: comparison of glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, cysteine, and homocysteine

This in vitro study compared the redox activity of four thiol compounds—glutathione (GSH), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), cysteine (Cys), and homocysteine (HCS)—to evaluate their potential to reduce molecular oxygen and influence oxidative or reductive stress. The researchers found that GSH and Cys can reduce O₂ to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly

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June 26, 2025 No Comments