muscle strength Archives - Well Referenced

Isolated Leucine and Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation for Enhancing Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy: A Narrative Review

This narrative review examines the effects of isolated leucine and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation on muscle strength and hypertrophy. The authors analyze various studies and conclude that while leucine and BCAAs play a role in muscle protein synthesis, supplementation alone does not significantly enhance muscular strength or hypertrophy beyond

June 26, 2025 No Comments

A Review of Sarcopenia Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Future Direction

This 2022 review provides a comprehensive overview of sarcopenia, a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. It highlights that sarcopenia affects up to 29% of older adults in community healthcare settings. Diagnosis requires evidence of low muscle mass combined with low muscle strength or physical performance. Non-pharmacological treatments,

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Gonadal Steroids and Body Composition, Strength, and Sexual Function in Men

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the distinct roles of testosterone and estradiol in regulating body composition, muscle strength, and sexual function in men. Healthy men aged 20–50 underwent pharmacological suppression of endogenous gonadal steroids and received varying doses of testosterone gel, with or without an aromatase inhibitor to block

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis

This 2019 consensus by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) redefines sarcopenia as a muscle disease characterized primarily by low muscle strength. Diagnosis involves a stepwise approach: (1) identifying probable sarcopenia through low muscle strength; (2) confirming diagnosis by assessing low muscle quantity or quality; and

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) supplementation in older adults improves glutathione deficiency, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, genotoxicity, muscle strength, and cognition: Results of a pilot clinical trial

This pilot clinical trial investigated the effects of GlyNAC supplementation (a combination of glycine and N-acetylcysteine) in older adults over a 24-week period. The study found that GlyNAC supplementation corrected intracellular glutathione deficiency, reduced oxidative stress, improved mitochondrial function, decreased inflammation, enhanced insulin sensitivity, ameliorated endothelial dysfunction, reduced genomic damage,

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Grip strength across the life course: normative data from twelve British studies

This 2014 study pooled 60,803 observations from 49,964 participants across 12 British population studies to establish normative grip strength values from ages 4 to 90. Findings indicate that grip strength increases to a peak in early adulthood—median 51 kg in males (ages 29–39) and 31 kg in females (ages 26–42)—followed

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Magnesium supplementation enhances mTOR signalling to facilitate myogenic differentiation and improve aged muscle performance

This cohort study investigated the effects of magnesium supplementation on muscle performance and myogenic differentiation in older adults. It found that magnesium supplementation enhanced mTOR signaling, which is essential for muscle protein synthesis, leading to improved muscle strength, function, and tissue regeneration in individuals aged 60-75. The supplementation significantly improved

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Can Magnesium Enhance Exercise Performance?

This 2017 systematic review examined the effects of magnesium (Mg) on exercise performance, analyzing both animal and human studies. The findings suggest that magnesium supplementation can enhance physical performance by improving glucose availability, reducing lactate accumulation, and supporting muscle energy metabolism. In human studies, higher magnesium status correlated with better

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Effect of increasing glutathione with cysteine and glycine supplementation on mitochondrial fuel oxidation, insulin sensitivity, and body composition in older HIV-infected patients

This study examined the effects of supplementing cysteine and glycine—precursors to glutathione (GSH)—in older HIV-infected men with GSH deficiency. Over 14 days, participants received oral cysteine and glycine supplementation, which restored GSH synthesis. As a result, the study reported significant improvements in both fasting and insulin-stimulated mitochondrial fuel oxidation, insulin

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Hormone replacement therapy and physical function in healthy older men. Time to talk hormones?

This review discusses the potential benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), particularly testosterone and growth hormone (GH), in maintaining physical function in older men, especially those suffering from age-related declines in muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia). It highlights that while exercise is important, it may not be sufficient for older

June 26, 2025 No Comments

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