This review article explores the multifaceted role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) in modulating immune responses. It highlights how NAD⁺, beyond its classical role in redox reactions, serves as a substrate for enzymes like CD38, PARPs, and sirtuins, which are pivotal in regulating immune cell functions. The authors discuss how
In this 2023 review published in Drugs & Aging, Helman and Braidy examine the critical role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) anabolism in the pathophysiology of metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. The authors highlight that NAD+ levels decline with age and in various disease states, contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative
In this 2020 study, Klimova et al. investigated the neuroprotective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia. The researchers administered NMN intraperitoneally at a dose of 500 mg/kg immediately after inducing transient focal cerebral ischemia. The treatment led
In this 2017 study, Wei et al. investigated the neuroprotective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Administering NMN at a dose of 500 mg/kg intraperitoneally immediately after ICH induction, the researchers observed significant reductions in brain edema, neurological deficits, and neuronal death. Mechanistically,
This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted role of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in aging, emphasizing its function as a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a coenzyme pivotal for cellular metabolism, DNA repair, and immune responses. The authors highlight that aging is associated with a decline in NAD+ levels, attributed
In this 2022 study published in the Journal of Reproduction and Development, Pollard et al. investigated the role of NAD+ biosynthesis pathways during meiotic maturation and spindle formation in porcine oocytes. Utilizing porcine oocytes as a model, the researchers examined the expression and localization of key enzymes involved in NAD+
In this 2023 review, Yaku and Nakagawa explore the role of NAD+ precursors, such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), in human health and disease. They discuss how NAD+ levels decline with age and in various diseases, and how supplementation with these precursors can restore NAD+ levels, potentially
In this 2023 study, Zhao et al. explored the effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression through modulation of the gut microbiota. Using an AD mouse model, the researchers administered NMN and observed significant improvements in cognitive function, as assessed by behavioral tests. NMN treatment led to
This review article explores the role of Vitamin B3 (niacin) and its derivatives—nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and its reduced form NADH—in the aging process. It discusses how NAD+ functions as a coenzyme in redox reactions and as a substrate for enzymes like sirtuins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which are involved
In this 2019 review published in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta – Molecular Basis of Disease, Klimova et al. explore the intricate relationship between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and acetyl-CoA metabolism in the context of ischemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The authors discuss how ischemic events lead to a decline in NAD+ levels,
