This meta-analysis of 140 studies comprising 12,421 IL-6 measurements in healthy adult donors determined a pooled average IL-6 level of 5.186 pg/mL (95% CI: 4.631, 5.740) with a reference range extending from 0 to 43.5 pg/mL. Age was found to be a contributing factor, with IL-6 increasing by 0.05 pg/mL
This systematic review of 69 observational studies examined the relationship between dietary patterns and inflammatory biomarkers in adults. It found that adherence to healthy diets, particularly the Mediterranean and anti-inflammatory patterns, correlated with lower levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Most cross-sectional studies reported significant
This cross-sectional study of adults aged 46–73 found that higher scores on the DASH diet were associated with lower levels of inflammatory markers like CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α. Conducted in a large Irish primary care cohort (n=1,862), the study highlighted the potential of dietary patterns rich in anti-inflammatory nutrients—like those
This 2018 case-control study published in BMC Gastroenterology (PMID: 30400824) investigated gut permeability and inflammation in patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS), identifying two subtypes based on intestinal barrier function. Among 39 D-IBS patients, 46.2% exhibited increased small-intestinal permeability as measured by lactulose/mannitol ratio, along with elevated levels of
This cohort study, conducted within the Women’s Health Initiative, examined the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in postmenopausal women. Among 304 CHD cases and 304 matched controls, elevated baseline levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly associated with
