This large-scale retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 65,093 adults (aged 20–79 years, BMI ≥35 kg/m²) who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), or adjustable gastric banding (AGB) between 2005 and 2015 across 41 U.S. health systems. RYGB resulted in the greatest total weight loss at 1, 3,
This 2018 pooled analysis of 190,672 participants from 10 U.S. cohort studies assessed the relationship between BMI and lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Compared to individuals with normal BMI (18.5–24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9), obese (BMI 30.0–39.9), and morbidly obese (BMI ≥40.0) individuals had significantly higher lifetime risks of developing
This 2014 population-based cohort study analyzed 1,857,822 singleton live births in Sweden from 1992 to 2010 to assess the association between maternal BMI in early pregnancy and infant mortality. Compared to normal-weight women (BMI 18.5–24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9) and obesity grade 1 (BMI 30.0–34.9) were associated with modestly increased risks
This 2011 study investigated the relationship between weight changes and mortality in 3,834 men over a mean follow-up of 7 years. Findings revealed that weight loss was associated with higher all-cause mortality, while weight gain correlated with lower mortality compared to stable weight. Specifically, each pound of weight lost per
This 1999 study analyzed data from the Tecumseh Community Health Study and the Framingham Heart Study to investigate the independent effects of weight loss and fat loss on all-cause mortality. Findings revealed that weight loss was associated with an increased mortality rate, while fat loss correlated with a decreased mortality
This 2011 cohort study followed 5,338 Danish men, including 1,862 classified as obese (BMI ≥31 kg/m²) at a median age of 19, over a 65-year period. The study found that obese men had a twofold higher all-cause mortality risk compared to controls (HR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.84–2.39). Median survival was
This 2021 study analyzed data from three large U.S. cohorts (Nurses’ Health Study I & II, Health Professionals Follow-up Study) encompassing over 204,000 participants. Regular proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use was associated with a 24% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (HR 1.24; 95% CI, 1.17–1.31). The risk escalated
This 2013 retrospective cohort study by Mansi et al. investigated the association between statin use and musculoskeletal conditions in a military population. Using propensity score matching, 6,967 statin users were compared with 6,967 non-users. Results showed that statin users had significantly higher odds of being diagnosed with musculoskeletal diseases (OR
This population-based cohort study from France included 7,484 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older without a history of vascular events. It aimed to assess whether lipid-lowering drugs (mainly statins and fibrates) reduce the long-term risk of stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) in a primary prevention setting. Over a
This Swedish nationwide cohort study analyzed 43,145 men under 80 years old who experienced a first myocardial infarction (MI) between 2007 and 2013. Over an average follow-up of 3.3 years, 7.1% received treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED) with either phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) or alprostadil. Men treated for ED had a
