This 2018 review by Snyder et al. summarizes findings from the Testosterone Trials (TTrials), a coordinated set of seven placebo-controlled, double-blind trials involving 788 men aged 65 and older with low testosterone levels. The trials assessed the effects of testosterone therapy on various health domains. Key findings include: increased sexual
This 2020 narrative review examines the role of thyroid hormones and prolactin in modulating cognitive function in patients with major mood disorders and schizophrenia. It highlights that cognitive impairment is a core symptom of these disorders and remains inadequately addressed by current treatments. Subclinical hypothyroidism and low free thyroxine (FT4)
This pilot clinical trial investigated the effects of GlyNAC supplementation (a combination of glycine and N-acetylcysteine) in older adults over a 24-week period. The study found that GlyNAC supplementation corrected intracellular glutathione deficiency, reduced oxidative stress, improved mitochondrial function, decreased inflammation, enhanced insulin sensitivity, ameliorated endothelial dysfunction, reduced genomic damage,
The observational study titled “DHEA Replacement in Women with Adrenal Insufficiency—Pharmacokinetics, Bioconversion, and Clinical Effects on Well-being, Sexuality, and Cognition” (Endocrine Research, 2000, PMID: 11196420) investigated the impact of DHEA supplementation on women with adrenal insufficiency. The study found that DHEA replacement therapy significantly improved well-being and sexual function, likely
The study “Hypothalamic pregnenolone mediates recognition memory in the context of metabolic disorders” (Cell Metabolism, 2022) explores the role of pregnenolone production in hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in regulating recognition memory, particularly under metabolic stress conditions like obesity and type 2 diabetes. Researchers found that a short-term high-fat diet impaired
This systematic review analyzed ten clinical studies, including randomized controlled trials and observational studies, to evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on long COVID symptoms. The findings suggest that HBOT may improve quality of life, fatigue, cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cardiopulmonary function in long COVID patients. However, the
This review article discusses male hypogonadism, or testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS), a condition characterized by inadequate testosterone production, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, erectile dysfunction, cognitive changes, and altered body composition. It classifies hypogonadism into primary (e.g., genetic disorders like Klinefelter’s syndrome) and secondary causes (e.g., hypothalamic or pituitary
