autophagy Archives - Well Referenced

When a calorie isn’t just a calorie: a revised look at nutrition in critically ill patients with sepsis and acute kidney injury

This 2022 review examines the complexities of nutritional management in critically ill patients with sepsis and acute kidney injury (AKI). It highlights that sepsis induces unique metabolic changes, such as activation of fasting metabolism, which may be protective. Traditional nutrition strategies, often based on inaccurate caloric estimates and not accounting

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Emerging Anti-Aging Strategies – Scientific Basis and Efficacy

This comprehensive review examines the scientific foundations and efficacy of emerging anti-aging strategies aimed at promoting healthier aging and mitigating age-related diseases. Key interventions discussed include caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, senolytics, sirtuin-activating compounds, NAD+ precursors, and stem cell therapies. The review highlights the mechanisms by which these strategies influence aging

June 26, 2025 No Comments

The effects of metformin on autophagy

This 2021 review article explores the multifaceted role of metformin in modulating autophagy across various biological systems. Metformin primarily induces autophagy through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), leading to inhibition of the mTOR pathway. It also influences other signaling pathways, including AMPK/CEBPD, MiTF/TFE, AMPK/ULK1, and AMPK/miR-221. Additionally, metformin can

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Mechanism of neuroprotection by trehalose: controversy surrounding autophagy induction

This 2018 review explores the neuroprotective mechanisms of trehalose, with a focus on its debated role in autophagy modulation. While in vivo models suggest trehalose enhances autophagy and reduces pathological protein aggregation, in vitro data indicate it may inhibit autophagic flux by blocking autophagosome-lysosome fusion. The review also discusses trehalose’s

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Neurochemical effects of the R form of α-lipoic acid and its neuroprotective mechanism in cellular models of Parkinson’s disease

This 2017 study investigated the neuroprotective effects of R-α-lipoic acid (RLA) in cellular models of Parkinson’s disease (PD) induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and MPTP. RLA treatment enhanced cell viability, reduced apoptosis, and decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. It also restored dopamine levels and reduced α-synuclein accumulation. Additionally, RLA

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Progesterone suppresses Aβ-induced neuroinflammation by enhancing autophagy in astrocytes

This study investigates the neuroprotective effects of progesterone (PG) against amyloid-beta (Aβ42)-induced neuroinflammation in astrocytes. The findings reveal that Aβ42 impairs autophagic processes in astrocytes, leading to increased inflammatory responses. Treatment with PG significantly enhances autophagy activation, as evidenced by upregulation of autophagy markers and modulation of the mTOR signaling

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO)—Itraconazole as an Anti-Cancer Agent

This 2015 ReDO project review highlights itraconazole’s potential as a repurposed anticancer agent. Itraconazole, a triazole antifungal, exhibits mechanisms relevant to oncology including inhibition of angiogenesis, suppression of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, and induction of autophagic growth arrest. Preclinical and clinical evidence supports its efficacy in prostate, non-small cell lung,

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Supraphysiologic Testosterone Induces Ferroptosis and Activates Immune Pathways through Nucleophagy in Prostate Cancer

This 2021 mechanistic study explores how supraphysiologic testosterone (SupraT) affects prostate cancer cells by initiating autophagy-driven processes. SupraT triggers ferritinophagy and nucleophagy, resulting in ferroptosis and degradation of damaged DNA. These mechanisms stimulate cytoplasmic nucleic acid sensors and activate NF-κB signaling, leading to increased secretion of chemokines and cytokines and

June 26, 2025 No Comments

The multitargeted drug ivermectin: from an antiparasitic agent to a repositioned cancer drug

This 2018 review explores the repositioning of ivermectin, traditionally an antiparasitic agent, as a novel anticancer drug. The article highlights ivermectin’s ability to target multiple molecular pathways critical to cancer cell survival and proliferation. Mechanistically, ivermectin inhibits P-glycoprotein to overcome drug resistance, acts on chloride ion channels to induce apoptosis,

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Alpha-lipoic acid inhibits lung cancer growth via mTOR-mediated autophagy inhibition

This study investigates the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on lung cancer growth. The findings show that ALA inhibits lung cancer cell proliferation by blocking mTOR signaling, which in turn suppresses autophagy, a process essential for cancer cell survival. The study suggests that ALA may be a promising therapeutic agent

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Tag: autophagy