Well Referenced

Category: Brain, Neurology & Mental Health

Mental wellness, brain performance, and neuroprotection strategies.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as New Remedy for the Treatment of Neurocognitive Disorders

This 2021 review explores the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) in treating neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. MSC-Exo are nano-sized extracellular vesicles enriched with neuroprotective and immunomodulatory molecules, including microRNAs, neural growth factors, and anti-inflammatory cytokines. These exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier, attenuate

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Association of Terazosin, Doxazosin, or Alfuzosin Use and Risk of Dementia With Lewy Bodies in Men

This 2024 retrospective cohort study analyzed data from over 600,000 men to assess whether the use of glycolysis-enhancing α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists—terazosin, doxazosin, or alfuzosin (Tz/Dz/Az)—is associated with a reduced risk of developing dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Compared to men taking tamsulosin or 5α-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs), those on Tz/Dz/Az had

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Natural products, micronutrients, and nutraceuticals for the treatment of depression: A short review

This 2017 review article explores the potential of natural compounds, micronutrients, and nutraceuticals in managing depression. It highlights the limitations of conventional antidepressants, such as delayed onset and adverse effects, and discusses alternative treatments. The review examines various natural substances, including green tea catechins, anthocyanins, cocoa extracts, resveratrol, omega-3 fatty

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

St. John’s wort: a new alternative for depression?

This 1999 review article evaluates the efficacy, safety, and potential drug interactions of St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) as an alternative treatment for depression. Analyzing nine clinical trials, including four large-scale studies, the review found that St. John’s wort was more effective than placebo and comparable to standard antidepressants in

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Role of oxidative stress in depression

This 2020 review article examines the involvement of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). The brain’s high oxygen consumption, abundant lipid content, and relatively weak antioxidant defenses make it particularly susceptible to OS. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the depletion of antioxidant

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Dietary creatine intake and depression risk among U.S. adults

This 2020 cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2005–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to investigate the association between dietary creatine intake and depression risk among 22,692 U.S. adults aged ≥20 years. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with a score ≥10 indicating depression. Dietary

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Resveratrol for Alzheimer’s disease

This 2017 review discusses the potential therapeutic role of resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Resveratrol is a potent activator of SIRT1, a deacetylase that links energy balance to gene transcription regulation, mimicking caloric restriction effects. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial demonstrated that resveratrol is detectable

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Melatonin and brain inflammaging

This 2015 review explores melatonin’s multifaceted role in mitigating brain inflammaging—a chronic, low-grade inflammation contributing to aging and neurodegeneration. Melatonin functions as a direct and indirect antioxidant, modulates mitochondrial function, and suppresses proinflammatory pathways by inhibiting NADPH oxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and proinflammatory cytokines. It also enhances circadian rhythm

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Managing the side effects associated with commonly used treatments for bipolar depression

This 2014 review article discusses the side effects associated with pharmacological treatments for bipolar depression and strategies to manage them. Commonly used medications include mood stabilizers (e.g., lithium, lamotrigine), antipsychotics (e.g., quetiapine, lurasidone), and antidepressants. The article highlights side effects such as weight gain, sedation, gastrointestinal disturbances, and metabolic changes.

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June 26, 2025 No Comments